Document is current

Article History

Received: 16 June 2025

Accepted: 30 October 2025

First Online: 12 November 2025

Declarations

:

: Boris Hadaschik has had advisory roles for ABX, AAA/Novartis, Astellas, Astra-Zeneca, Bayer, Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen R&D, Lightpoint Medical, Inc., and Pfizer; has received research funding from Astellas, Bristol Myers Squibb, AAA/Novartis, German Research Foundation, Janssen R&D, and Pfizer; and has received compensation for travel from Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, and Janssen R&D. Günter Niegisch reports honoraria for lectures, symposia from Roche Pharma, MEDAC, Pfizer, BMS, AstraZeneca, and has had advisory roles for Roche Pharma, Sanofi, BMS, Merck Serono, Pfizer, MEDAC, Ipsen, Janssen; and reports support for travel expenses, congress fees from Roche Pharma, Pfizer, Merck, AstraZeneca. Viktor Grünwald has had advisory roles for Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, MSD Oncology, Merck HealthCare, Ipsen, Eisai, Debiopharm, PCI Biotech, Cureteq, Oncorena and has received compensation for travel from Pfizer, Ipsen, Merck HealthCare, and reports honoraria from Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Ipsen, Eisai, MSD Oncology, Merck HealthCare, EUSAPHARM, APOGEPHA, Ono Pharmaceutical. Ulrich Krafft has received research funding from Bristol Myers Sqibb, Novartis/AAA, and has received compensation for travel from Janssen Research funding, Bristol Myers Sqibb, Novartis/AAA. Camilla M. Grunewald has had advisory roles for Ferring. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

: The study conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki and the institutional ethics committees approved the study protocol (SE RKEB 125/2019, ETT-TUKEB BM/13011-3/2024/EKU, 15–6400-BO, 2021–1548). Given the retrospective nature of the study, patient consent was waived.

: All authors have read and approved the final manuscript for publication.