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Authors
Zhang, Zhenzhen
Wang, Meixia
Chen, Guobin
Wu, Yanfang
Chen, Xiaochun
Guo, Xinkun
Zhang, Boheng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Foundation of Science and Technology Bureau of Xiamen (3502Z20224ZD1082)
Bethune Charitable Foundation (BCF-MSD-HCC-20201127-001)
the Natural Science Foundation Project of Xiamen (3502Z20227386)
the Foundation of the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province (2022J011428)
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Article History
Received: 19 May 2025
Accepted: 26 November 2025
First Online: 19 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiamen Branch, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (authorization number B2021–002R), and the study was conducted in accordance with good clinical practice guidelines and the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki, 1964. The requirement of informed consent was waived owing to the retrospective nature of the study.
