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Authors
Liu, Songlin
Zhang, Yuekai
Guan, Yaping
Xie, Hong
Dong, Yue
Chang, Jiang
Xie, Qi
Wang, Baocheng
Wang, Jun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81572875)
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2021MH291)
Cultivating Fund of The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (QYPY2022NSFC0613)
CSCO-MSD Cancer Research Foundation (Y-MSD2020-0350)
CSCO-PILOT Cancer Research Foundation (Y-2019AZMS-0440)
Wu Jieping Medical Foundation for Clinical Scientific Research (320.6750.2020-12-16)
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 24 December 2025
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (NO: YXLL-KY-2022–059).
: Owing to the retrospective design of the study, the Research Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University granted a waiver of the requirement for informed consent. We confirmed that all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines.
