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High PD-1 expression in pre-treatment peripheral lymphocytes associated with poor immune checkpoint inhibitor response in patients with recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-026-04310-5

Published Online: 2026-02-07

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Li, Shau-Hsuan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7140-9132
Huang, Wan-Ting https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6442-3713
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 112-2314-B-182A-029-MY3)

Chang Gung Memorial Hospital (CORPG8P0491)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-02-07

Version of Record valid from 2026-02-07
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Article History

Received: 15 September 2025

Accepted: 16 January 2026

First Online: 7 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interest.

: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Kaohsiung Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital (IRB number: 202200507B0) and conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

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