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Article History

Received: 26 August 2025

Accepted: 30 January 2026

First Online: 24 March 2026

Declarations

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: Veronica Mollica has received honoraria for speaking at scientific events and advisory boards and support for travel, accommodations, and expenses from Bayer, BMS, Johnson & Johnson, Ipsen, Merk, MSD, Pfizer, outside the submitted work. Francesco Massari has received research support and/or honoraria from Advanced Accelerator Applications, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, BMS, Janssen, Ipsen, Merck, MSD, Pfizer outside the submitted work. Kazutoshi Fujita has received honoraria from Astellas Pharma. Fernando Sabino Marques Monteiro has received research support provided by Merck Sharp Dome and Foundation Medicine. Honoraria from Janssen, Ipsen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Astra-Zeneca, Bayer, ADIUM and Merck Sharp Dome. Travel expenses by Novartis, Bayer, ADIUM, Merck, and Merck Sharp Dome. Ownership: BIO, Brazilian Information Oncology. All are unrelated to this study. Javier Molina-Cerrillo declares consultant, advisory or speaker roles for IPSEN, Roche, Pfizer, Sanofi, Janssen, Adium, Recordati Rare diseases, Exelixis, MSD, Astellas, AAA, and BMS. Javier Molina-Cerrillo has received research grants from Pfizer, IPSEN, Janssen and Roche, all unrelated to the present paper. Enrique Grande has received honoraria for speaker engagements, advisory roles or funding of continuous medical education from Adacap, AMGEN, Angelini, Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Blueprint, Bristol Myers Squibb, Caris Life Sciences, Celgene, Clovis-Oncology, Eisai, Eusa Pharma, Genetracer, Guardant Health, HRA-Pharma, IPSEN, ITM-Radiopharma, Janssen, Lexicon, Lilly, Merck KGaA, MSD, Nanostring Technologies, Natera, Novartis, ONCODNA (Biosequence), Palex, Pharmamar, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi-Genzyme, Servier, Taiho, and Thermo Fisher Scientific. Enrique Grande has received research grants from Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, Astellas, and Lexicon Pharmaceuticals. All are unrelated to this study. Maria T. Bourlon has received honoraria for speaker engagements, advisory roles or funding of continuous medical education from Astellas, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Blueprint, Bristol Myers Squibb, IPSEN, Janssen, Pfizer, MSD, MERK, Gilead, all unrelated to the present paper. Alfonso Gómez de Liaño has received honoraria for advisory boards, consultation, or educational events from AAA HealthCare, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Ipsen, Johnson & Johnson, MSD, Merck KGaA, Novartis, Recordati Rare Diseases and Roche; and has Institutional research funding from AstraZeneca, Bicycle Therapeutics, Genmab A/S, Gilead Sciences, Johnson & Johnson, MedSIR, Merck KGaA, MSD, Pfizer, Roche and Syneos Health; all unrelated to the present paper. Ray Manneh Kopp declares clinical research, consultant, advisory of speaker roles for: Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Abbvie, Adium, BMS, Bayer, Eli Lilly, IPSEN, Jannsen, MSD, Merck Serono, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche. Andrey Soares has received honoraria from Janssen, Pfizer, Bayer, Merck Serono, Novartis. Consulting or Advisory Role from Janssen, Bayer, AstraZeneca, MSD, Pfizer, Novartis. Research Funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb (Inst), Astellas (Inst), AstraZeneca (Inst). Travel, accommodation, and expenses from Bayer, Janssen, MSD, Merck Serono, Adium. Ownership: BIO, Brazilian Information Oncology. All are unrelated to this study. Sebastiano Buti has received honoraria for speaking at scientific events and advisory roles from AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Ipsen, Merck, Eisai, MSD, Novartis, Gentili, Astellas and Pfizer and research funding from Novartis and Pfizer. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.