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Article History

Received: 16 January 2026

Accepted: 6 February 2026

First Online: 25 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential conflict of interests: C. Ciccarese: advisory board, invited speaker, meetings traveling: IPSEN, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Janssen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, EISAI. G. Tortora: Consultant for BMS, MSD, Astra Zeneca, Servier, Merck Serono, Dompé. R. Iacovelli: Advisory board, invited speaker, meetings traveling: Pfizer, Janssen, Sanofi, IPSEN, Merck, Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Astellas, and Bristol Myers Squibb, EISAI. D. Occhipinti, D. Arduini, D. Di Leo, A. Neri, L. Roca, G. Messina, P. Troisi, R. R. Pedone, M- A. Fucile, R. Belletto, V. Sardaro, C. Ligato, R. Ajdhoni, F. Caliciotti, C. Sighinolfi, L. Tagliaferri, B. Rocco, declare that they have no conflicts of interest that might be relevant to the contents of this article.

: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and with institutional and national regulations. Written informed consent for the use of clinical data for research purposes was obtained from all patients included in this study.

: In accordance with national legislation and institutional requirements, the need for written informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee because of the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymised data. All patient data were handled confidentially and de-identified prior to analysis. No individual, personally identifiable information is included in this article.