Kaneko, Shinya
Takegami, Yasuhiko
Seki, Taisuke
Fukushima, Wakaba
Sakai, Takashi
Ando, Wataru
Ishiguro, Naoki
Sugano, Nobuhiko
Article History
Received: 14 August 2019
Accepted: 15 January 2020
First Online: 23 January 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
: The study protocol was approved by the ethics committees of each participating hospital.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. W. Fukushima received payment for lectures on epidemiology at an annual scientific meeting of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association and review article for osteonecrosis of the femoral head.