Document is current

Article History

Received: 4 January 2017

Revised: 6 June 2017

Accepted: 12 June 2017

First Online: 29 June 2017

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under grant no. 1154145, as well as a National Geographic Young Explorer Grant, Animal Behavior Student Grant, and Alexander Wetmore Grant from the American Ornithologists’ Union. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the funding organizations.

: The author declares that she has no conflict of interest.

: All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. All procedures performed in studies involving animals were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution or practice at which the studies were conducted. Fieldwork was done with the prior approval of the Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente in Panama (permit nos. SE/A-45-12, SE/A-46-14, SE/A-36-15) and the Ministerio del Ambiente y Energia (MINAE- CONAGEBio) in Costa Rica. Blood samples for sexing were imported with Federal Fish and Wildlife permit MB26646B-0 to SEL and USDA APHIS VS16-3 permit no.123392 to Dr. Maggie MacPherson, with her permission. All works were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute (IACUC permit 2012-0315-2015) and Tulane University (IACUC permit 0446R).

: The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.