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Article History

Received: 13 October 2023

Revised: 20 November 2024

Accepted: 26 November 2024

First Online: 4 December 2024

Declarations

:

: This study complies with all applicable governmental legislation concerning the ethical treatment of animals in China. All animal use and care were permitted by the animal care and use committee of the university (CLS-EAW-2020-028), and was done in compliance with the guidelines of the committee. Quails used in this study were reared and housed in outdoor aviaries with shelter. Up to 27 quails were kept in a large aviary (about 2.7 m × 7 m, ~ 3.5 m high) to prevent overcrowding. Water and food were available <i>ad libitum</i> for all quails throughout the experiment. And for the sake of reducing the stress on the experimental quails during the personality testing, we used an opaque cardboard box instead of hands to transfer the subjects. After the study was completed, the quails continued to be kept in the original aviaries for other behavioral studies.

: The authors declare no competing interests.