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Authors
Lesigang, Jonas
Common, Lauren K.
Kleindorfer, Sonia
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Vienna
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Article History
Received: 5 May 2025
Revised: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 20 August 2025
First Online: 9 September 2025
Declarations
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: This study complies with all current Austrian laws and regulations and was supported by Animal Experiment License Number 66.006/0026-WF/V/3b/2014 issued by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Science and Research (EU Standard, equivalent to the Animal Ethics Board). All data collected for this study were obtained using non-invasive methods. Individuals were not disturbed beyond approaching them to a few meters for identification. Birds were habituated to the presence of humans, as the flock has been observed at the Konrad Lorenz Research Center for Behavior and Cognition (KLF) since 1973.
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
