González-Bernardo, Enrique https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5690-5277
Melero-Romero, Pablo
Garrido-Bautista, Jorge
Moreno-Rueda, Gregorio
Funding for this research was provided by:
Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidad, Junta de Andalucía (A-RNM-48-UGR20)
Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2022-136400NB-I00)
Ministerio de Educación y Formación Profesional (FPU18/03034)
Fundación Banco Santander (UGR Master's Initiation Scholarship)
Ministerio de Universidades (Margarita Salas Contract)
Universidad de Granada (Contratos Puente)
Article History
Received: 21 January 2025
Revised: 24 September 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 24 October 2025
Declarations
:
: Research permits to investigate in the Sierra Nevada National Park were approved by the Department of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Sustainable Development of the Regional Government of Andalusia ( Consejería de Agricultura , Ganadería , Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible de la Junta de Andalucía ). All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the use of animals were followed, and all procedures for sampling birds and performing the experiments comply with the current Spanish laws on bioethics and animal welfare and were approved by the Andalusian Regional Government ( Junta de Andalucía ; reference: 03/07/2017/087).
: The authors have no competing interests to declare.