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Authors
Tkaczynski, Patrick J. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3207-2132
Campbell, Liz A.D. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8302-7430
MacLarnon, Ann https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2722-4998
Majolo, Bonaventura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0235-3040
Ross, Caroline https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2366-143X
Lehmann, Julia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7278-1705
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Roehampton (Vice Chancellor Studentship Award)
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Article History
Received: 1 May 2025
Revised: 24 October 2025
Accepted: 5 November 2025
First Online: 19 November 2025
Declarations
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: All data collection was conducted following ethical approval by University of 854 Roehampton and the receipt of research permits from Haut-Commissariat 855 aux Eaux et Forêts et à la Lutte Contre la Désertification, Royaume du Maroc. 856 In this study, the use of animals was non-invasive and adheres to the 857 guidelines set forth by the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
