Feagles, Olivia S. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7268-3910
Sweet, Alexander A. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5527-4379
Stratman, Kane D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4098-0181
Rittinger, Madison A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-1572
Mish, Angela M. E. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4402-7956
Nicol, Luke https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3661-6438
Höbel, Gerlinde https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0786-7734
Funding for this research was provided by:
Animal Behavior Society (Student Research Grant)
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (James and Dorathea Levenson Ecology and Field Biology Fellowship)
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (Student Undergraduate Research Fellowship)
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (James and Dorathea Levenson Ecology and Field Biology Fellowship)
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (James and Dorathea Levenson Ecology and Field Biology Fellowship)
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (James and Dorathea Levenson Ecology and Field Biology Fellowship)
University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (Student Undergraduate Research Fellowship)
Article History
Received: 22 August 2025
Revised: 31 October 2025
Accepted: 6 November 2025
First Online: 6 December 2025
Declarations
:
: Frogs were collected with permission from local landowners and with permits obtained from the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. Experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee (IACUC # 22–23 #29) and adhered to the guidelines published by the Animal Behavior Society and Association for the Study of Animal Behavior.
: The authors declare no competing interests.