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Authors
Kalaitzakis, Ioannis https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4294-6266
De Pascalis, Federico https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1414-7770
Cecere, Jacopo G. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4925-2730
Pirrello, Simone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-106X
Meneghini, Gabriele
Serra, Lorenzo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8911-8050
Rubolini, Diego https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2703-5783
Imperio, Simona https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9982-205X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Università degli Studi di Milano
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Article History
Received: 29 April 2025
Revised: 4 March 2026
Accepted: 12 March 2026
First Online: 30 March 2026
Declarations
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: Capture, handling and tagging procedures were conducted by the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), under the authorisation of Law 157/1992 [Art.4(1) and Art 7(5)], which regulates research on wild bird species. Visits to colony sites for capturing birds were minimised to avoid disturbance and prevent nest failure. To minimise the chances of nest abandonment following capture and handling, only a single individual per nest was equipped with GPS. Capture, handling and tagging procedures were performed by experienced operators only. The study adhered to all applicable national.guidelines for the use of animals in scientific research.
: The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.
