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Authors
Jian, Jiayi
Xiao, Fanrong
Liao, Junlin
Wang, Jichao
Zhao, Longhui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (32101240; 32460252)
Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province (323QN232; 326MS0138)
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Article History
Received: 12 December 2025
Revised: 18 May 2026
Accepted: 1 June 2026
First Online: 8 June 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted with permission from the Administration Bureau of the Wuzhishan Area of the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. All procedures strictly adhered to the guidelines of the Animal Research Ethics Committee of Hainan Provincial Education Center for Ecology and Environment, Hainan Normal University (HNECEE-2025-005). All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the use of animals were followed.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
