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Authors
Wojczulanis-Jakubas, Katarzyna https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6230-0509
Cordier, Dorian
Devogel, Marion https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2546-0156
Grissot, Antoine https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1475-3287
Jakubas, Dariusz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1879-4342
Kidawa, Dorota https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6706-7793
Syposz, Martyna https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6148-039X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2023/49/B/NZ8/0037)
Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2017/26/D/NZ8/00005)
Narodowe Centrum Nauki (2021/40/C/NZ8/00043)
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Article History
Received: 11 October 2025
Revised: 6 June 2026
Accepted: 11 June 2026
First Online: 17 June 2026
Declarations
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: The use of animals adhered to the guidelines set forth by the Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. The study was conducted under the permission of the Governor of Svalbard and Norwegian Animal Research Authority. Ethical approval from an additional ethics committee was not required, as the research involved only standard, non-invasive field procedures.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
