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Authors
Zampa, Lia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5073-9212
Osiejuk, Tomasz Stanisław https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5980-7421
Niśkiewicz, Małgorzata https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4406-9283
Szymański, Paweł https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3938-043X
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Centre of Poland (CEUS UNISONO number 2020/02/Y/NZ800034)
Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland (Project Excellence Initiative - Research University ID-UB 177/02/UAM/X003)
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2026
Revised: 20 July 2026
Accepted: 22 July 2026
First Online: 29 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval: Our experimental procedures were approved in Uganda by Makerere University, College of Health Sciences; Makerere University Biological Field Station; Uganda Wildlife Authority, permit no. COD/96/05; and the Uganda National Council for Science and Technology, permit no. NS256ES. All procedures adhered to the guidelines for the ethical treatment of nonhuman animals in behavioural research and teaching (ASAB Ethical Committee/ABS Animal Care Committee ).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
