Liu, Xiaoli
Gao, Chang
Sun, Lin
Dou, Jinhua
Lu, Guohua https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3688-7673
Jia, Liping
Ma, Jinping
Han, Bingxue
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Education and Teaching Reform Project of the Psychology and Education Reference Committee of the Ministry of Education (20221013)
the Medical Education Research project of the Chinese Medical Association (2020A-N12063)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82101588)
the Surface project of Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2020MC218)
the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (GJ202002)
Social Science Planning Project in Shandong Province (23CJY37)
Chunhui Project Foundation of the Education Department of China (HZKY20220491)
Article History
Received: 2 July 2024
Accepted: 1 December 2024
First Online: 28 December 2024
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: The Ethical Committee of the first author’s university approved the study procedures. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: All participants provided informed consent.