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Article History

Received: 4 May 2025

Accepted: 6 August 2025

First Online: 8 October 2025

Declarations

:

: All work in this article received no funding, grants, or any kind of financial support from any source. All authors have no conflicting financial interest.

: This study received ethical approval from the Ethics Committee at the Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital (approval no. SH9H-2024-T221-2). The requirement for patient consent to participate was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study.

: The participants included in the study gave written informed consent to the publication of the data contained in this study.