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Article History

Received: 10 April 2025

Accepted: 6 August 2025

First Online: 4 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The author declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and publication of this article.

: The study protocol adhered to European regulations (1394/2007 EC) and EMA/CAT recommendations (20 June 2014 EMA/CAT/600280/2010 Rev 1). The investigation protocol was developed in agreement with an associate professor contract #13489/2021 between the author and the University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy, and as a part of a research project approved by the Surgical Science Department with number: E83C22001960005.

: All procedures performed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: All participants gave their informed consent in writing before inclusion in the study. In detail, all patients received detailed oral and written information about the study, including the associated risks, benefits, and alternative therapies, and signed an informed consent form before any study procedures.