Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Okumura, Kohki https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8646-1020
Tamura, Takahiko
Funakoshi, Yusuke
Teranishi, Hiroo
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 30 May 2025
Accepted: 18 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Tokyo Chuo Beauty Clinic, Umeda-Osaka Branch (Approval No. UMEDAERB2025May001). This study was designed as a retrospective cross-sectional analysis based on data collected from 105 clinics affiliated with the Tokyo Chuo Beauty Clinic in Japan
: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: For this type of study, informed consent is not required.
