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Article History

Received: 1 July 2025

Accepted: 25 October 2025

First Online: 6 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University (No. 2024(32)) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All participants signed an informed consent form before the surgery.

: Participants gave written informed consent for data collected and any identification images to be published in anonymous form in academic journals.