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Article History

Received: 26 June 2025

Accepted: 19 November 2025

First Online: 24 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: For this type of study, informed consent is not required, but patients provided informed consent for using their images before the operation.