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Authors
Qiu, Xiaohui https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6710-9869
Chen, Shuyue
Tang, Jiangjie
Liao, Shenghui
Chen, Qiuyang
Zhou, Jianda
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Furong lab (2023SK2115)
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 22 December 2025
First Online: 9 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no competing interests. The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Xiangya Third Hospital (XYIII-2023-R23024). The research process adhered to ethical standards. The ethical approval, as well as a privacy data protection statement, were displayed on the front page of the electronic questionnaire. Each participant in this survey was required to provide their name, school or workplace name, age, information on plastic surgery treatment, etc.
: The facial photos used in this study and the collected questionnaire data have been obtained with informed consent from all participants, and the participant in Figure has agreed to publish in an open access journal.
