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Authors
Purnama, Indra
Mutamima, Anisa
Sari, Karmila
Masrul, Wati
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
LPPM Universitas Lancang Kuning
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Article History
Received: 30 January 2025
Accepted: 15 June 2025
First Online: 25 June 2025
Compliance with Ethical Standards
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee of Universitas Lancang Kuning, Indonesia. All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with institutional and national research ethics guidelines. Prior to participation, all individuals were informed about the purpose and procedures of the study, and written or verbal informed consent was obtained. Participation was voluntary, and participants were assured of their right to withdraw at any time without penalty. All data collected were anonymized and treated with strict confidentiality during analysis and reporting.
