Document is current

Article History

Received: 10 February 2026

Accepted: 2 May 2026

First Online: 20 May 2026

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. All analyses are based solely on publicly available, aggregated records of bear sightings and associated human injuries compiled by prefectural governments.

: Not applicable. No human participants were involved in this study.