Ayoo, Beth Akinyi
Article History
Received: 12 November 2025
Accepted: 21 May 2026
First Online: 29 May 2026
Competing Interests
: The author declares no competing interests.
: Permission to conduct this research was obtained from the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation, License No.: NACOSTI/P/22/20506. Field authorization letters were also obtained from Siaya County Commissioner and Siaya County Director of Education.
: Informed consent was obtained from all gold leaching plants operators included in the study.