Heidenreich, Bethany M.
Kemp Bohan, Phillip M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1240-3889
Flor, Remigio J.
Bader, Julia O.
Vreeland, Timothy J.
O'Connor, Victoria V.
Nelson, Daniel W.
Article History
Accepted: 18 October 2020
First Online: 5 November 2020
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the hospitals participating in the ACS-NSQIP are the source of the data used herein; they have not verified and are not responsible for the statistical validity of the data analysis or the conclusions derived by the authors.
: This study was granted exemption status after review by an independent institutional review board.