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Article History

Received: 1 April 2025

Accepted: 8 August 2025

First Online: 26 August 2025

Declarations

:

: MS is a consultant for Terumo/Quirem Medical, Philips, Medtronic and Swedish. Orphan Biovitrum. MS is a speaker for Medtronic and proctor for GD Medical. GB received institutional scientific grants from Bayer, Servier, Pierre Fabre and Terumo. All other authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The data used in this study were extracted from the ‘Minimally Invasive Thermal Ablation (MISTRAL) study’ database, a registry of all thermal ablation procedures performed at the University Medical Center Utrecht (Utrecht, The Netherlands). Permission was granted by the local institutional review board (No. 21/709).

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

: Consent for publication was obtained for every individual person’s data included in the study.