Updates are available Correction dated 2026-05-12

Article History

Received: 18 August 2025

Accepted: 19 November 2025

First Online: 14 December 2025

Change Date: 11 May 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this article was revised: In the published version, the Ethics Declarationstates the following: “Conflicts of interest See attached ICMJE disclosure forms.” However, as no ICMJE disclosure form is provided, an erratum is to be issued.

Change Date: 12 May 2026

Change Type: Correction

Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:

Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00270-026-04476-6

Declarations

:

: Dr. Mikin Patel: Leadership and Fiduciary role for Boston Scientific and Argon. Consulting fee for Boston Scientific and Argon. Dr. Osman Ahmed: Grant Funding: NIH; Consulting Fees: Medtronic, Cook, Bard, Penumbra Payment and Honoraria: Angio Dynamics, Asahi Leadership and Fiduciary Role: Boston Scientific, Argon, Johnson and Johnson, Flow Medical. Dr. Magdalena Anitescu: Grants: Abbott, Boston Scientific, Medtronic Meeting Attendance Support: North American Neuromodulation Society.

: “All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.” “For this type of study formal consent is not required.” “This study has obtained IRB approval from (University of Chicago IRB) and the need for informed consent was waived.”

: “Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.” “For this type of study informed consent is not required.” “This study has obtained IRB approval from (University of Chicago IRB) and the need for informed consent was waived.”

: “For this type of study consent for publication is not required.”