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Authors
Ocker-Serger, R. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0141-1302
Opitz, M.
Klüner, L.
Rosok, D.
Drews, M.
Thal, Y.
Forsting, M.
Haubold, J.
Nadjiri, J.
Schaarschmidt, B. M.
Zensen, S.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Essen
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Article History
Received: 1 September 2025
Accepted: 5 December 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: Benedikt M. Schaarschmidt received a research grant from PharmaCept GmbH for an investigator-initiated study not related to this paper, is a travel grant and speaker form Bayer AG, and is a speaker for AstraZeneca, Boston Scientific, and Siemens Healthineers. All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: This study was approved by the local ethics committee of the University Hospital Essen (22–10865-BO). The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and anonymized data analysis.
: For this type of study, informed consent is not required.
: For this type of study, consent for publication is not required.
