Document is current

Article History

Received: 13 July 2026

Accepted: 5 August 2026

First Online: 6 September 2026

Declarations

Conflict of interest: Philippe L. Pereira reported being on advisory boards, receiving honoraria and speaker fees from Medtronic, Angiodynamics, Boston Scientific, Terumo, Siemens Healthineers, and Cook Medical. Asmund Avdem Fretland has received a speaker honorarium from Bayer, Medtronic and Olympus. He also has Institutional collaboration with GE, Medtronic, Siemens. Dirk Arnold received consulting fees and honoraria for presentations and lectures and travel support from Boston Scientific and Terumo, MSD, BMS, AstraZeneca, Roche, Servier, Sanofi and Merck Serono. He is on the guidelines committee of the European Society for Medical Oncology, and supported oncopolicy manuscripts for the European Cancer Organisation. Thomas Helmberger received speaker honoraria from SIRTEX Medical Europe. Martijn R. Meijerink, Hannah Schulz, Reto Bale, Tugsan Balli, Carlo Gazzera, Thomas Vogl, Franco Orsi, Stefan Staettner, Anna Kafkoula, Bleranda Zeka, and Maria Urdaniz reported no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval: All procedures performed in CIEMAR were in accordance with the ethical standards of the national ethics committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study has been approved by the applicable ethics committee.

Informed Consent: All participants signed an informed consent form.

Consent for Publication: Not applicable.