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Authors
Al-Redouan, Azzat https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0101-4407
Theodorakioglou, Aimilia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2673-0653
Sadat, Seyed Mehdi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4377-1281
Kriskova, Petra https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0353-7184
Fonte, Pilar Dominguez R. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0293-9956
Shailesh, Deeksha https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7610-5232
Bash, Shayan Ghezel https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3787-4875
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Article History
Received: 8 October 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study and volunteers consent procedure was approved for research and education purposes by the Institutional Review Board (IRB)—The Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Motol and Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic [Reference ID no. EK-353/19] and [Reference ID no. EK-1175.1.23/22]. Access to cadavers are under the local corps donor program in adherence to the Czech Anatomical Society and European Union ethical, legal regulation and provision in accordance with Act Code No. 89/2012 Sb. of the Civil Code and Act Code No. 372/2011 Sb. on Article 7 of the Health Services amended provision. The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: This work was conducted while the principal author was affiliated at [Department of Anatomy & Center for Endoscopic, Surgical and Clinical Anatomy (CESKA), Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic]. All necessary ethical approvals and facility use agreements were obtained during that time.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation. Participants were informed about the nature and purpose of the research as well as the procedures involved. Participants consented to publish the obtained photos, sonograms, video demonstrations, and the recorded data was anonymized. Participants confidentiality was maintained throughout the study, and all data were anonymized in accordance with applicable data protection regulations.
