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Article History

Received: 2 November 2023

Accepted: 6 June 2024

First Online: 19 August 2024

Declarations

:

: This study was supported by grants from Taipei Veterans General Hospital (V111C-030, V111B-030, and V112C-098), the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST 109-2314-B-A49A-503-MY2 and MOST 111-2314-B-A49-034-), the Taiwan Clinical Oncology Research Foundation, the Szu-Yuan Research Foundation of Internal Medicine, the Yen Tjing Ling Medical Foundation, Melissa Lee Cancer Foundation, and the Chong Hin Loon Memorial Cancer and Biotherapy Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University. The funding sources had no role in the study design or conduct, or in the decision to submit it for publication.

: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

: This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board at Taipei Veterans General Hospital (no. 2023-05-013BC). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: Written informed consent for the publication of personal and clinical details was obtained from all the participants in the study.