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Article History

Received: 5 October 2024

Accepted: 27 January 2025

First Online: 5 March 2025

Declarations

: • This study utilized the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) database, the largest publicly available inpatient care database in the United States. Access to the data requires purchasing the database.

: • Participants had no direct contact with the patients included in the data sample and did not participate in the consent process to participants.

: • The research leading to these results was conducted without any external funding.

: The authors declare no competing interests.