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Authors
Wang, Ziheng
Song, Jiaxu
Li, Yuxin
Zhao, Jiayi
Ma, Yifei
Gan, Zijie
Di, Yongqiu
Shao, Ruonan
Li, Zijian
Zhu, Yilin
Zhang, Lu
Meng, Qingqi
Bao, Hongyu
Zhang, Liubo
Jiang, Suyu
Han, Xue
Chen, Wanru
Zhang, Yijing
Long, Zhangbiao
Li, Jianyong
Shi, Xiaofeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jiangsu Province College Students’ Innovation and Innovation Training Program Project (202310312127Y)
Jiangsu Province College Students’ Innovation and Innovation Training Program Project (202310312127Y)
Jiangsu Province College Students’ Innovation and Innovation Training Program Project (202310312127Y)
Jiangsu Province College Students’ Innovation and Innovation Training Program Project (202310312127Y)
Jiangsu Province College Students’ Innovation and Innovation Training Program Project (202310312127Y)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81700130)
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Article History
Received: 5 August 2025
Accepted: 30 October 2025
First Online: 10 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol and the need for informed consent were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Approval No: 2025-KY-284-01).
: Patient information is anonymized. Considering that this retrospective study involved the analysis of anonymized clinical data collected as part of routine tests, and that to contact all patients or their relatives for consent was impracticable, both ethics committees granted a full waiver of informed consent for this research.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
