Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 October 2025

Accepted: 4 December 2025

First Online: 21 January 2026

Declarations

:

: NG reports honoraria from Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Gilead, GSK, Hexal, Janssen, MSD, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, and was consultant to AstraZeneca, BMS, MSD, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda. OAC reports research grants or contracts from iMi, iHi, DFG, BMBF, Cidara, DZIF, EU-DG RTD, F2G, Gilead, MedPace, MSD, Mundipharma, Octapharma, Pfizer, Scynexis, consulting fees from Abbvie, AiCuris, Basilea, Biocon, Cidara, Elion Therapeutics, Gilead, GSK, IQVIA, Janssen, Matinas, MedPace, Menarini, Molecular Partners, Melinta, MSG-ERC, Mundipharma, Noxxon, Octapharma, Pardes, Partner Therapeutics, Pfizer, PSI, Scynexis, Seres, Seqirus, honoraria from Abbott, Abbvie, Akademie für Infektionsmedizin, Al-Jazeera Pharmaceuticals/Hikma, amedes, AstraZeneca, Deutscher Ärzteverlag, Gilead, GSK, Grupo Biotoscana/United Medical/Knight, Ipsen Pharma, Medscape/WebMD, MedUpdate, MSD, Moderna, Mundipharma, Noscendo, Paul-Martini-Stiftung, Pfizer, Sandoz, Seqirus, Shionogi, streamedup!, Touch Independent, Vitis, payment for expert testimony from Cidara, participation on data safety monitoring or advisory boards from AstraZeneca, Boston Strategic Partners, Cidara, IQVIA, Janssen, MedPace, Melinta, PSI, Pulmocide, Shionogi, The Prime Meridian Group, Vedanta Biosciences. BEOJ reports honoraria from AstraZeneca, Gilead, Pfizer, GSK, ViiV, Janssen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Fresenius Medical Care, Falk Foundation, MSD and was consultant to GSK, ViiV, Gilead, MSD, AstraZeneca, Theratechnologies. MBM received honoraria and travel grants from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Gilead Sciences, Novavax, Pfizer, ViiV Healthcare. SCM reports research grants form DZIF and University of Cologne and has received honoraria as a speaker by Pfizer. CR reports honoraria and has served on advisory boards from Abbvie, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, Bristol Myers Squibb, CSL Sequirius, Gilead, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Oncopeptides, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi. KS reports honoraria from Abbvie, Alexa, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, Sanofi, Stemline, Takeda, Sobi, Leo Pharma, Servier, Bristol Myers Squibb, MSD, Gilead, AstraZeneca, SoBi. MH reports honoraria from Amgen, Beigene, Gilead, Janssen, Sanofi, and Menarini, and served on advisory boards of Amgen, Beigene, BMS, Gilead, Janssen, Menarini, Merck, Oncopeptides, and Sanofi. PS reports honoraria and/or consulting fees from Alexion, AOP Orphan, Blueprint Medicines, Bristol Myers Squibb, Sanofi, Incyte, Merck Serono, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum, and GSK. DT has received research grants from Gilead, honoraria from and served as a consultant to AbbVie, BioNTech, Gilead, iQone, Jazz, Mikrogen, MSD, Noscendo, Octapharma, Pfizer, Tillotts, and Takeda, honoraria from AstraZeneca, F2G, Janssen, Novartis, and Sanofi, and travel grants from AbbVie, Astellas, Celgene, Gilead, Jazz, Medac, MSD, and Tillotts. SV: MSD, SymBio, Takeda.