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Authors
Ke, Runjiang
Nan, Cunjin
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Article History
Received: 6 December 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable. The SEER database contains anonymized data, and no individual-level identifiers were accessed.
: Not applicable. This study was conducted using fully anonymized, publicly accessible SEER data, and did not involve direct human participation.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
