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Authors
Esa, Ezalia
Mohd Pauzy, Lailatul Hadziyah
Hashim, Hafizah
Md Nor, Azian Naila
Mohd Sahid, Ermi Neiza
Mat Yusoff, Yuslina
Aziz, Nur Aisyah
Abdul Hamid, Faidatul Syazlin
Hassan, Syahzuwan
Mohammad Salleh, Wahyuni Sofia Foo
Zulkefli, Ezzanie Suffya
Mohd Yasin, Norafiza
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Institute for Medical Research, Malaysia
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Article History
Received: 11 November 2025
Accepted: 26 January 2026
First Online: 28 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with institutional guidelines and approved for publication. No general institutional waiver was used, and all samples were handled according to ethical guidelines for human research.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study involved the retrospective analysis of laboratory data from patients who had provided individual informed consent for the use of their results and DNA samples in research.
