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Authors
Friedel, Heiko
Hennies, Nora
Zschocke, Jürgen
Hosseini, Sabrina Khageh
Bölz, Sebastian
Bocuk, Derya
Wilhelm, Stefan
Zaba, Okan
Buske, Christian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Lilly Deutschland
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Article History
Received: 10 December 2025
Accepted: 19 February 2026
First Online: 13 March 2026
Declarations
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: Ethical approval for this study was not required since it was based on anonymized claims data. The health insurance companies were informed about the study, and the necessary approvals were granted.
: Heiko Friedel is an employee of Team Gesundheit, who was contracted by Eli Lilly to conduct the data analysis. Christian Buske has received honoraria from Roche/Genentech, Janssen, BeiGene, Novartis, Pfizer, Incyte, AbbVie, Gilead Sciences, Celltrion, MorphoSys, Regeneron, Sobi, and Eli Lilly; fees for consulting or advisory roles from Gilead Sciences, Janssen, Roche, Pfizer, BeiGene, Celltrion, AbbVie, Incyte, Regeneron, MorphoSys, Novartis, Sobi, and Eli Lilly; fees for participation in speakers’ bureaus from Roche, Janssen, BeiGene, Celltrion, AbbVie, Pfizer, Gilead Sciences, Novartis, Gilead, Incyte, Pfizer, MorphoSys, Sobi, and Eli Lilly; and research funding from Roche/Genentech, Janssen, Celltrion, MSD, Pfizer, Amgen, and Bayer. Nora Hennies, Sabrina Khageh Hosseini, Sebastian Bölz, Derya Bocuk, Jürgen Zschocke, and Stefan Wilhelm are employees and minor shareholders of Eli Lily and Company. Okan Zaba is a former employee of Eli Lily and Company.
