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Article History

Received: 3 December 2024

Accepted: 4 March 2026

First Online: 11 March 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the National Cancer Center Institutional Review Board. We obtained written informed consent for publication in print and electronically from the patient.

: Y.K. has received honorarium from Kyowa Kirin, Nippon Shinyaku, Daiichi Sankyo, and Takeda Pharmaceutical. S.F. has received honorarium from Janssen Pharmaceutical, Ono Pharmaceutical, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Amgen, Chugai, AbbVie, AstraZeneca, and Otsuka Pharmaceutical; has received research funding from Chugai Pharmaceutical, Loxo Oncology (Eli Lilly and Company), and Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma. K.I. has received honorarium from Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Eisai, Chugai, Novartis, AbbVie, Ono Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca, Kyowa Kirin, Bristol Myers Squibb, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Daiichi Sankyo, and Symbio Pharmaceuticals; has received research funding from Merck Sharp & Dohme, Incyte, Eisai, AbbVie, Ono Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca, Yakult, Kyowa Kirin, Loxo Oncology (Eli Lilly and Company), Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer, Janssen Pharmaceutical, and Novartis; has received consultancy fee from AbbVie, Ono Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca, Zenyaku, Kyowa Kirin, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Nippon Shinyaku, Genmab, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Nippon Kayaku, and Bristol Myers Squibb. K.K. has received honorarium from Ono Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Astellas Pharma, Novartis, Chugai Pharmaceutical, AstraZeneca, Sumitomo Pharma, Kyowa Kirin, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, SymBio Pharmaceuticals, Bristol Myers Squibb, Pfizer, Nippon Shinyaku, Daiichi Sankyo, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, AbbVie, Meiji Seika Pharma, Sanofi, Sysmex, Mundipharma, Incyte Corporation, and Kyorin Pharmaceutical; has received research funding from Asahi Kasei Pharma, Eisai, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Ono Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kirin, Shionogi, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Teijin Pharma, Japan Blood Products Organization, Mochida Pharmaceutical, JCR Pharmaceuticals, Nippon Shinyaku, Chordia Therapeutics, and Meiji Seika Pharma; holds individual stocks in Asahi Genomics; has a patent for Genetic alterations as a biomarker in T-cell lymphomas licensed to Kyoto University and PD-L1 abnormalities as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint blockade therapy licensed to Kyoto University; is an Associate Editor of Cancer Science. The other authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.