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Article History

Received: 2 January 2026

Accepted: 15 March 2026

First Online: 25 March 2026

Declarations

:

: G.L. received research grants not related to this manuscript from AGIOS, AQUINOX, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Celgene, Gilead, Janssen, MorphoSys, Novartis, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, and Verastem. G.L. received honoraria not related to this study from ADC Therapeutics, AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Bayer, BeiGene, BMS, Celgene, Constellation, Genase, Genmab, Gilead, Hexal/Sandoz, Immagene, Incyte, Janssen, Karyopharm, Lilly, Miltenyi, MorphoSys, MSD, NanoString, Novartis, PentixaPharm, Pierre Fabre, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, and Sobi.C.S. received honoraria for advisory boards from AbbVie, Astellas, AstraZeneca, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Laboratories Delbert, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Otsuka, Pfizer, and Roche. C.S. received institutional research support from Jazz Pharmaceuticals and travel or congress grants from AbbVie, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, and Pfizer.D. B. is funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) – project number 413490537 within the Kiel Clinician Scientist Program in Evolutionary Medicine (CSEM).

: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Westphalia-Lippe (reference number 2021-490-f-S) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

: Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study in accordance with the decision of the local ethics committee.