Wang, Ao
Fan, Tao
Zhang, Ju
Ye, Mei
Huang, Hong
Gao, Ze-Li
Funding for this research was provided by:
Panzhihua City Medical Research Center Project (PYYZ-2022–13)
Article History
Received: 24 December 2025
Accepted: 16 March 2026
First Online: 1 April 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the he Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua University Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board (ID: 2023-03-001). Informed consent for participation in the study was obtained directly from all participating adults. For paediatric participants, informed consent was provided by their legal guardians or next of kin. Similarly, informed consent for the publication of the research data and any accompanying images was signed by the adult participants themselves, or by the legal guardians or next of kin of the paediatric participants. Both consents (for participation and for publication) are explicitly differentiated here, even if they were recorded using a single form. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee(s) and with the Helsinki Declaration (as revised in 2013).
: The authors declare no competing interests.