Document is current

Article History

Received: 7 March 2025

Accepted: 1 September 2025

First Online: 8 October 2025

Declarations

:

: J.D. has served in a consulting or advisory role for BeOne Medicines, Pierre Fabre, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck KGaA, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche/Genentech, Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH, and Amgen; and J.D.’s institution has received research funding from Roche, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Bionomics, BeOne Medicines, Lilly, Bristol Myers Squibb, and AstraZeneca/MedImmune. S.D. has received travel, accommodations, or expenses from Roche. B.G. has served in a consulting or advisory role for MSD, BeOne Medicines, and IMPAC Medical Systems. K.Y. has nothing to disclose. J.O. has stock and other ownership interests from Carpe Vitae Pharmaceuticals, RepLica Pharmaceuticals, and DGC Diagnostics; has received honoraria from Merck Sharp & Dohme, Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche, Boehringer Ingelheim, AstraZeneca, Pfizer/EMD Serono, Novartis, Janssen-Cilag, Yuan, Merck Group, TriStar Technology Group, Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, BeOne Medicines, and Ipsen; has served in a consulting or advisory role for Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, Roche/Genentech, Janssen-Cilag, Pfizer, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Yuhan, Sanofi, Amgen, BeOne Medicines, and Ipsen; has had speakers’ bureau roles for Merck Sharp & Dohme, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol Myers Squibb, Roche, Janssen-Cilag, Pfizer, and Merck Group; and is named on four active patents (two published and two provisional) for his institution. M.S. has nothing to disclose. T.L. has served as a principal investigator for BeOne Medicines. T.M. has served in a consulting or advisory role for Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eisai, Regeneron, Sanofi, and MSD; and has received travel expenses from Bristol Myers Squibb. T.M.’s institution has received research funding from Bristol Myers Squibb, Incyte, BeOne Medicines, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Regeneron, Bayer, Merck Serono, and Roche/Genentech. X.Y. has nothing to disclose. M.V. has received honoraria from MSD; has participated in a consulting or advisory role for AstraZeneca and MSD; has received institutional funding from AstraZeneca/MedImmune, AstraZeneca, MSA, Alpine Immune Sciences, ViroCure, Hinova Pharmaceuticals, Atridia, Antengene, BeOne Medicines, and Hengrui Pharmaceutical. D.Davar has received honoraria from Castle Biosciences; has held a consulting or advisory role for ACM Bio, Ascendis Pharma, Clinical Care Options, Gerson Lehrman Group, Merck, Medical Learning Group, and Xilio Therapeutics; has received research funding from Arcus, CellSight Technologies, Immunocore, Merck, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, and Tesaro/GlaxoSmithKline; has participated in a speakers’ bureau for Castle Biosciences; and held US Patent 63/124,231, “Compositions and Methods for Treating Cancer”, 11 December 2020, and US Patent 63/208,719, “Compositions and Methods For Responsiveness to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICI), Increasing Effectiveness of ICI and Treating Cancer”, 9 June 2021. M.M. has nothing to disclose. S.L. is an employee of BeOne Medicines and has stock or ownership interest in BeOne Medicines. T.R. is an employee of BeOne Medicines and has stock or other ownership interests in BeOne Medicines. X.Q. is an employee of BeOne Medicines. H.G. was employed in the past by Theravance Biopharma, and is currently employed by BeOne Medicines, and has stock or other ownership interests in both companies. X.C. is an employee of BeOne Medicines, has stock or ownership interest in BeOne Medicines, and has received research funding from and has patents with BeOne Medicines. Y.D. is an employee of BeOne Medicines, has stock or ownership interest in BeOne Medicines, and has patents with BeOne Medicines. D.Day has nothing to disclose.

: The study protocol and its amendments were approved by the appropriate local or national ethics body or institutional review boards for each participating center. The trial was conducted according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Council for Harmonisation Good Clinical Practice guidelines.

: Patients provided written informed consent.