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Article History

Received: 31 July 2025

Accepted: 8 November 2025

First Online: 3 January 2026

Declarations

:

: NY received lecture fees, honoraria, or other fees from Chugai. He received a research funds from Astellas, Chugai, Eisai, Taiho, BMS, Pfizer, Novartis, Eli Lilly, AbbVie, Daiichi-Sankyo, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Kyowa Kirin, Takeda, ONO, Janssen Pharma, MSD, MERCK, GSK, Sumitomo Pharma, Chiome Bioscience, Otsuka, Carna Biosciences, Genmab, Shionogi, TORAY, KAKEN, AstraZeneca, Cmic, InventisBio, Rakuten Medical, Amgen, and Bicycle Therapeutics, Tanabe Mitsubishi, Zymeworks.KS reports honoraria from AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Eisai, Janssen, MSD, Ono Pharmaceutica.KY reports honoraria from Pfizer Inc, Eisai, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Takeda, Chugai, Fuji Film Pharma, PDR Pharma, MSD, Boeringer Ingelheim, Ono, Daiichi-Sankyo, Bayer, Jansen, Asteras, Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, Sanofi, and Merk Biopharma; institutional support from MSD, Daiichi-Sankyo, Merk Biopharma, AstraZeneca, Taiho, Pfizer Inc, Novartis, Takeda, Chugai, Ono, Sanofi, Seattle genetics, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Genmab, Boeringer Ingelheim, Kyowa Kirin, Nihon Kayaku, and Haihe; clinical investigator support from MSD, Daiichi-Sankyo, Genmab, Seagen, AstraZeneca, Taiho, Merk Biopharma Pfizer Inc, Novartis, Takeda, Chugai, Ono, Sanofi, Seattle genetics, Eisai, Eli Lilly, Genmab, Boeringer Ingelheim, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, Nihon Kayaku, and Haihe; and has participated on advisory boards for Eisai, Astra Zeneca, Sanofi, Genmab, Gliad, OncXerna, Takeda, Novartis, MSD, and Henlius.No other potential conflicts of interest were reported.

: All procedures performed in this study were approved by the institutional review board of the National Cancer Center (Approval No. 2021 − 386) and followed the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.