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Article History
Received: 23 December 2024
Accepted: 12 June 2025
First Online: 11 July 2025
Declarations
:
: All the authors declare no conflict of interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee (IAEC), Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Ludhiana, Punjab, India (Registration No. 497/GO/Res/ReRcL/02/CPCSEA). No experimental procedures or treatments were performed on live animals. All samples used in this study were collected post-mortem or during routine clinical procedures by trained professionals, ensuring minimal distress and full compliance with institutional ethical guidelines.
