Smail, Lynda https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2866-3254
Djemouai, Nadjette https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9516-5929
Boukhelata, Nadia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0211-133X
Baha, Nassima https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7548-2743
Kaci, Yahia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1006-0827
Article History
Received: 15 June 2025
Accepted: 14 September 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
: The authors declare that ethical standards have been followed and that no human participants or animals were involved in this research.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.