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Authors
Gouda, M. N. Rudra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1644-4226
Subramanian, Sabtharishi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8337-9666
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Article History
Received: 2 December 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 23 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable. This study does not involve human subjects.
: Not applicable.
: This study involved the use of the non-regulated invertebrate species Apis mellifera. According to institutional and national guidelines, ethical approval is not required for experimental procedures involving honey bees. No protected or endangered species were involved in this study.
