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Article History

Received: 21 April 2025

Accepted: 3 February 2026

First Online: 9 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The strains used in this study are part of ongoing research within an Algerian PRFU program and are being actively used in further development toward a functional food application. Due to their current strategic importance and associated intellectual property considerations, they cannot be deposited in a public culture collection at this time. Upon completion of the project and formalization of commercial protections, we intend to deposit these strains in a WDCM-recognized public culture collection.

: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the fundamental principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval could not be obtained because no ethics committee exists at the hospital. The research protocol did not involve any additional medical procedures beyond standard clinical practice, and all samples were anonymized prior to analysis.

: for stool sample collection was obtained from the parents of all participating newborns before sample collection.