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Authors
Bertazzo-Silva, Fernando Augusto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-1492
Sousa, Flavia Helena Aires https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8931-8159
Ferraz, Kamille Rodrigues https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2622-8874
Velloso, Jorge Renato Pinheiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7787-0336
Carvalho, Evelise Leis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-2867
Velloso, Marcos André Pinheiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7502-0300
dos Anjos Baptista, Vanessa https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0652-9191
Schünemann, Adriano Luis https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7227-7074
Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto Gonçalves Reynaud https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7060-1598
Putzke, Jair https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9018-9024
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universidade Federal Do Pampa
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Article History
Received: 24 September 2025
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 9 June 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All sampling and research activities were conducted in accordance with the Antarctic Treaty System and the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty (Madrid Protocol). Fieldwork was conducted as part of the Brazilian Antarctic Program (PROANTAR) during OPERANTAR XLI, with logistical support provided by the Brazilian Navy. All necessary permits and authorizations for scientific research and sample collection in the Antarctic region were obtained from the relevant Brazilian authorities.
: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.
